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After the death of Charles II of Austria in the year 1700 took the throne of Spain, Philip V of Bourbon, nephew of Louis XIV of France, beginning the House of Bourbon reigns of a long journey that reaches to the present day. The need to restructure the government and the economic resources of the Crown lead to the first Bourbons to make significant changes in all areas of the monarchy over the eighteenth century. One solution proposed centralizing policies and a growing reform plan that would affect almost every area of society (church, infrastructure, administration and territory, army, …), with quite uneven results and lower than anticipated. Madrid as cutting the monarchy was no exception and began to count among their farmhouse with new public buildings, institutions, barracks and scientific institutions. In the old administrative machinery of the Austrias, which was concentrated in units of the Alcázar joined buildings of the Royal House Post Office, the Royal House of Postas, the Royal Customs — now the Ministry of Finance, the Deposit Hydrographic-building today annexed to the Ministry of Education, the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando and, among others, the Royal Academy of History. In turn, the Crown sought to boost the economy by creating actual factories: Royal House of Glass and others such as the Royal Factory Deck and Spirits, then tobacco, and the Royal Porcelain Factory. Along with the Crown other social sectors as the nobility began to build large and sumptuous palaces: the Marquis of Miraflores and Perales, the Earl of Tepa and the Duke of Ugena — current headquarters of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry. And is that the construction of the new Royal Palace (1738–1764) not only served as a testing ground for the architectural and artistic currents from Italy and France, but also, was the main point of reference for the new mansions of the aristocracy. The first pre-capitalist bourgeoisie madrileña also wanted to reflect their growing economic power with the construction of the notorious Casa de los Cinco Gremios Mayores. ==Royal Palace of Madrid== It was once a fortress, then the old Alcázar or citadel, and finally the Royal Palace. It is the official residence of His Majesty the King of Spain, although he does not actually live here. Apart from its role as a museum, it is only used for ceremonial purposes on state occasions such as diplomatic functions and official events. The origins of the palace date from the 9th century, when the Muslim kingdom of Toledo, wishing to defend itself against surprise attacks by the Christians, built a fortress which was later used by the kings and queens of Castile. In the 16th century a citadel was built on the same foundations. On Christmas Eve, 1734, it was reduced to ashes by a fire. Soon after Philip V ordered a new palace to be built on the same spot. Work on the building was carried out between 1738 and 1755. It was designed as a vaulted structure made of stone and brick, and no wood or flammable materials were used in its construction. Charles III of Spain was the first monarch who took up residence there, in 1764. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Artistic patrimony of Madrid Community」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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